In the realm of photocatalysis, the efficiency of energy transfer (EnT) processes is paramount. These processes facilitate crucial reactions that can lead to significant advancements in renewable energy and environmental remediation. However, the complexity of modeling EnT events has historically limited computational exploration in this area. Traditional methodologies, which primarily focus on bond formation and
Chemistry
Samarium (Sm) is a rare earth metal gaining traction among organic chemists due to its unique properties, particularly its divalent compounds, which excel in facilitating single-electron transfer reductions. Among its various derivatives, samarium iodide (SmI2) stands out for its moderate stability and efficacy under relatively mild, ambient conditions. These characteristics make it an essential reagent
Recent explorations into the genomic architectures of single-celled organisms, particularly bacteria and archaea, have illuminated the intricate role that histones—proteins integral to the organization of DNA—play within these simpler life forms. A pivotal study led by Samuel Schwab, a Ph.D. candidate at the Leiden Institute of Chemistry, has brought to light a staggering diversity of
What do zebrafish, chameleons, and marine crustaceans have in common? Beyond their distinct habitats and remarkable adaptations, these creatures share a fascinating capability: the ability to produce intricate crystals within their bodies. While the mere mention of “crystals” might evoke images of glistening gemstones or industrial materials, the crystals formed by living organisms are essential
Recent advancements in biophysical research from Rice University have unveiled new pathways for exploring the integral role of cholesterol in cell membrane organization and function. Led by physicist Jason Hafner, this study, featured in the Journal of Physical Chemistry, offers critical insights into how cholesterol interacts within biomembranes—structures that are essential for cellular integrity and
In recent years, growing concerns over climate change have prominently highlighted the detrimental effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels on planetary ecosystems. Yet, the consequences of increased atmospheric CO2 extend beyond environmental implications, reaching deep into cellular functionality. One such underexplored area is the impact of CO2 on redox signaling—the process by which cells
In a significant stride toward developing more effective treatments for aggressive cancers, researchers from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have achieved remarkable insights into the workings of the enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT). Utilizing neutron experiments, the team uncovered detailed atomic interactions within this crucial metabolic enzyme, instrumental in cell division and cancer proliferation. This innovative
Hydrogen gas is increasingly being recognized as a cornerstone in the quest for sustainable and carbon-free energy solutions. Renowned for its high energy density, hydrogen presents a tantalizing opportunity for the future of eco-friendly energy. Despite its status as the universe’s most plentiful element, hydrogen primarily exists in bound forms within compounds like ammonia and
The prevalence of pharmaceutical contaminants in water supplies has become a significant environmental concern. As populations grow and urban areas expand, municipal wastewater systems struggle with the accumulation of various drugs, including antibiotics, synthetic hormones, and anti-inflammatory medications. Research conducted by scientists from Carnegie Mellon University reveals that these micropollutants not only permeate wastewater treatment
The 2023 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to three remarkable scientists who have significantly contributed to our understanding of proteins, the fundamental molecules essential for life. Demis Hassabis and John Jumper from Google’s DeepMind leveraged the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to predict protein structures, while biochemist David Baker innovatively designed proteins that
The image of a figure soaring above city streets, propelled by strands of webbing, is one that captures the imagination of countless children (and adults) raised on comic books and superhero films. The scientific community is now taking this whimsy seriously, as researchers at Tufts University have unveiled an innovative technology that allows for the
Covalent bonds are fundamental to the structure of organic molecules, comprising the mainstay of chemical interactions that define life as we know it. Traditionally, these bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, allowing a myriad of compounds to form. However, the exploration of alternative bonding mechanisms has led researchers to consider more complex
The fashion industry is notorious for its environmental impact, with millions of tons of clothing ending up in landfills each year. However, groundbreaking research from Cornell University is championing a new approach to sustainability, unveiling a technique to create waterproof coatings from discarded textiles. This innovative method, directed by Professor Juan Hinestroza and his team,
The realm of organic chemistry has long been overshadowed by the challenge of activating alkanes, compounds that are foundational to many industrial applications, including pharmaceuticals and materials production. Recent research from Hokkaido University in Japan has unveiled an unprecedented method to transform these stable hydrocarbons into more reactive and useful compounds. This advancement not only
Nitrogen oxides (NOx), which primarily include nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O), are pollutants released largely from industrial processes, including fertilizer manufacturing. The concern surrounding these gases extends beyond their immediate toxicity; they are significant contributors to environmental degradation. Nitric oxide is a precursor to acid rain, while nitrous oxide poses a dire climate
Recent scientific advancements have unveiled an intriguing insight into the behaviors of barnacles, a marine organism that strategically cleans surfaces prior to adhering with their biologically produced “glue.” Researchers, particularly from Northeastern University, have taken inspiration from this natural process to explore innovative methods to tackle biofilms—complex communities of microorganisms that can pose significant challenges